Hematology is a branch of science that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes, as well as diseases of the blood. Blood diseases are basically divided into benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (malignant) diseases. All anemias, non-cancerous bleeding disorders, clotting disorders that cause vascular occlusions, thrombocytopenias, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and Mediterranean anemias (thalassemias) are among the benign diseases, while acute and chronic leukemias, lymphomas, chronic myeloproliferative diseases, multiple myeloma are evaluated within the framework of malignant diseases. Hematology, a sub-branch of the internal medicine department, also deals with diseases of the organs that play a role in blood formation. Therefore, diseases of the lymphatic organs and bone marrow are also in the field of expertise of hematologists.

Diseases That Are Treated by Hematology:

• Multiple Myeloma, Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute and chronic leukemias (AML, ALL, CML, CLL), myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis) such as bone marrow, blood and lymph node diseases.
• Anemias, bone marrow deficiencies and conditions where the life span of blood cells is shortened: Low hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying substance in the blood, is called anemia, low white blood cells are called leukopenia, and low platelets that provide clotting are called thrombocytopenia. Anemia and red blood cell disorders can have various causes. These include anemias more often due to vitamin deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency), sickle cell anemias, Mediterranean anemia (thalassemia), and hemolytic anemias.
• Bleeding and coagulation disorders: The number or function disorders of the cells that help blood clot or the decreases in the levels of factors that mediate clotting cause abnormal bleeding complaints in patients. In case of decreases in the levels of proteins that are responsible for the mechanisms that prevent blood from clotting in blood vessels or their functional disorders, it can cause abnormal clot formation and vascular occlusions in patients. It can also cause vascular occlusions due to the increase in platelets, also called blood platelets, in the blood due to various reasons. - Diseases related to immunity

What are the symptoms of hematological diseases?

Although each disease is characterized by its own symptoms, the symptoms of blood diseases in general can be listed as follows:

• Getting tired quickly during physical activity, palpitations, headaches, forgetfulness, concentration problems
• General weakness, fatigue and imbalance, sometimes fainting in deep anemia
• Frequent infections and severe infections
• Spontaneous bleeding without mild trauma or sometimes without trauma
• Bleeding not stopping for a long time, difficulty in clotting
• Bruising in various parts of the body
• Recurrent or persistent fever
• Development and persistence of swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, armpit or groin
• Sudden pain and swelling in the entire leg or below the knee
• Bone pain, sometimes bone fractures with or without minor trauma
• Weight loss
• Night sweats
• Itching
• Restless legs